King oedipus analysis Essay Example for Free

Ruler oedipus examination Essay Predetermination and Freewill  This is one of the most significant subjects in the play and leaves the peruser with the immersing question of whether freewill is a deception. The play doesnt really answer this inquiry, however it shows the unpredictable interchange of destiny and freewill that comes full circle in Oedipus appalling predicament. Jocasta, Laius and Oedipus all attempt to get away from the prescience yet they are accidentally driven into their apparently unavoidable destiny. This component of the play is expected to show the peruser the intensity of prediction and the preeminent authority of the divine beings conversely with the worthlessness of individuals. The play likewise shows how human instinct assumes an essential job in the satisfaction of the prescience. Sympathy and pity for the shepherds sake keeps Oedipus from kicking the bucket as an infant. Oedipus own hasty temper brings about the homicide of his own dad, Laius. His flashing show of insight in explaining the enigma is his definitive triumph just as his seed of obliteration as it brings about union with his mom, Jocasta. In setting out to discover reality with regards to his introduction to the world, he welcomes the enduring on himself. His self-important, provoking mentality towards Teirisias further uncovered the horrendous truth. Along these lines, the play shows how freewill additionally adds to Oedipus defeat. Pride and modesty  Pride is Oedipus lethal blemish; his presumption towards both the divine beings and people prompts his devastation. Sophocles most likely proposed to show individuals the significance of modesty and perceiving the prevalence of the divine beings that they put stock in. Oedipus egotism is shown in his long, talks and in the hot-headed way he accidentally murdered his dad. His underlying refusal to acknowledge any fault or bad behavior on his part shows that he has a high assessment of himself. One of the fundamental wellsprings of his pride is his destruction of the Sphinx, which spared Thebes and put him on the seat, but then the peruser realizes this was additionally the reason for perhaps the foulest wrongdoing, union with his mom. Thusly, the writer imparts a message about the indiscretion of paying attention to human accomplishment as well. Along these lines, the play isn't humanistic yet disparages individuals as worthless and imperfect. Shrewdness and obliviousness The contention among Teirisias and Oedipus speaks to the contention among knowledge and numbness, Teirisias being insight and Oedipus being numbness. Teirisias remark To be shrewd is to endure is unexpected on the grounds that it works out as expected for Oedipus. At the point when he learns reality with regards to himself and gets shrewd, he is in most extreme distress. The play shows that maybe having information isn't really something to be thankful for, as Teirisias cautions, and that there are constraints as far as anyone is concerned that we ought to acknowledge. Sight and visual impairment  Teirisia is a visually impaired diviner, which seems like a logical inconsistency in wording. Be that as it may, despite the fact that he is genuinely visually impaired, he has the understanding and information, which Oedipus needs. At the point when Oedipus at long last picks up this knowledge toward the finish of the play, he blinds himself genuinely. All through the play, Oedipus is blinded by his own pomposity, appeared in his refusal to acknowledge that he is the reason for Thebes wretchedness. Living in unending night, you can't hurt me, or any man else that sees the light.  His purposeful incredulity empowers him to give the revile, never thinking about that it may influence himself at long last. Oedipus is additionally ignorant concerning his actual situation according to the divine beings. He accepts he can foil prescience and outfox the divine beings. The mentality he shows that he has nearly made himself a divine being, who has the ability to revile and request whatever information he looks for. Modesty  Sophocles unquestionably concurs with this conflict in his play, King Oedipus. The character of Creon who is progressively careful is proposed to appear differently in relation to Oedipus rash haughtiness. It is Oedipus absence of modesty that causes quite his very own bit anguish. Then again, Creons increasingly cautious way to deal with life avoids a conceivably tragic circumstance when Oedipus blames him for intrigue. Characters Oedipus  Oedipus is eager to help the individuals of Thebes. I would happily effectively support you. He is effectively engaged with his city. I have not thought it fit to depend on my errand people, however am here to learn for myself  Arrogant glad for his own capacities, for example, tackling the question of the sphinx. Until I came I, uninformed Oedipus, came and halted the riddlers mouth, speculating reality by mother-mind, not feathered creature legend. Thoughtful towards the city of Thebes I lament for you my kids. Trust me, I realize all that you want of me, all that you endure; and keeping in mind that you endure none endures more than I.  Jumps to decisions about the ones nearest to him. He blames Creon for contriving to assume control over the seat. Must Creon, so long my companion, my most confided in companion, tail me by covertness and study to confiscate me of the force that this city has given to me He expect that Jocasta fears that he was an ill-conceived kid. The lady, with more than womans pride, is disgraced by my low beginning.  Easily incensed, fractious particularly by Teiresias Insolent lowlife Shameless and brainless, blind, silly drunkard!  Steadfast and ardent in his mission to uncover reality. Garbage: I should seek after this path as far as possible, till I have disentangled the secret of my introduction to the world. Not a passivist; communicates the conviction that possibility governs our lives.  Acts as the arbiter among Oedipus and Creon, run of the mill of her job as a mother and spouse. What is the importance of this uproarious contention, you factious men? You are making a big deal about some immaterial complaint.  Abandons Oedipus on the slope to die on account of prescience yet excuses prediction later in the play. For I can let you know, no man has the mystery of divination. What's more, I have verification Why would it be a good idea for you to at that point, notice them for a second? also, A fig for divination!  Cannot face the frightfulness of reality and passes on at her own hands Creon  A complexity to Oedipus as far as character. He is more settled and increasingly sensible. Reason with yourself, as I; and ask, would any man trade a tranquil life, with imperial position guaranteed, for an uncomfortable seat? He is increasingly unassuming and mindful I don't attempt to state more than I know, and recognizes the divine beings God will choose, not I. He is profoundly harmed by Oedipus allegations If he believes that I have done him any mischief, by word or act, in this catastrophic hour, I won't live Teiresias  Physically visually impaired, yet talented with second sight (prescience). All magnificent and natural information are in your grip. In your heart, if not with eye, you see our citys condition. Hesitant to impart his insight to Oedipus since he knows the harm it will cause. At the point when knowledge brings no benefit, to be astute is to endure. Laius  He is just referenced through others in the play. Shepherd  Like Teiresias to give his insight until undermined. Oedipus threatens, Answer! On the off chance that I should talk once more, beyond words! He likewise serves to affirm Oedipus biggest feelings of dread. Melody Represents the voice of the seniors just as the overall population. It remarks on the activity in the play, now and again favoring Oedipus, different occasions scrutinizing his activities and words. They are the voice of strict conviction, more than once asking the need to notice the expressions of the divine beings. I just request to live, with unadulterated confidence keeping in word and deed that Law which jumps the sky, made of no human shape whose living godhead doesn't age or kick the bucket. It is now and again philosophical, remarking on the idea of presence and the feebleness of human accomplishment and achievement. All the ages of mortal man indicate nothing! Show me the man whose satisfaction was anything over a hallucination followed by disappoint. Here is the occasion, here is Oedipus, here is the motivation behind why I will call no human animal cheerful Then discover that human man should consistently look to his consummation. What's more, none can be called content until that day when he keeps his satisfaction down a secret forever in harmony. Images Sight and visual impairment this is utilized as an allegory for information and obliviousness. Setting  The play was composed during the Classical time frame in Ancient Greece in the fifth century BC, a period of idealistic humanism. Sophocles will in general commend mankind yet in addition request for adherence to equity, balance and the divine beings.

Cardiovascular System in Parabolic Flight and Spaceflights

Cardiovascular System in Parabolic Flight and Spaceflights Human Spaceflight: Alterations of the cardiovascular framework during explanatory flights and spaceflights The reason for this examination is to recognize the progressions happening during illustrative flights and spaceflights, where theres weightlessness. The significance of the cardiovascular framework in space, is perceived just as a portion of its essentials dependent on past investigates. Also, since illustrative flights are a method of testing physiological modifications in the human body, rather than genuine spaceflights, the technique required for the airbus to arrive at microgravity conditions is demonstrated too. Discoveries, for example, low plasma volume, circulatory weight, focal venous weight, stroke volume and furthermore the pulse of the cardiovascular framework are expressed from past examinations. Likewise countermeasures, for example, exercise and diet are additionally quickly talked about. Presentation Microgravity is where items or individuals experience weightlessness. Space travelers and articles face microgravity in space, where the gravity is exceptionally little (smaller scale) and they skim (free fall). Despite the fact that space travelers are moderately overwhelming, they can move effectively inside or outside the shuttle (Wall, 2015). Under microgravity conditions, the physiology of the cardiovascular framework changes and it responds improbable comparative with the gravity of the Earth prompting body adjustments, for example, redistribution of blood, heart arrhythmia and orthostatic hypotension (Zhu, Wang, and Liu, 2015).These changes may happen pre-flight, in flight or post-flight and they may affect the space explorers wellbeing. Additionally these progressions can influence either sound space travelers or space travelers with past heart maladies. Because of the earth, the body of the space explorer figures out how to adjust under the new conditions and works moderatel y rapidly. So as to explore and examine the progressions of the human physiology, different microgravity based inquires about were led, by spaceflights as well as by explanatory flights and bed rest considers. Estimations are taken in three phases of the space explorers body, pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight, known as the long term since space explorers are sent to space missions while these estimations are taken. In spite of the fact that, for additional information, agents figured out how to make microgravity condition for 20-30 seconds, utilizing explanatory flights, known as the momentary span, which is plainly a less expensive approach to gather information. Another approach to examine the adjustment of human physiology in space is bed rest contemplates, where volunteers go through as long as 2 months in a bed, with their head end at an edge of 6ã‚â ° underneath the flat hub. All volunteers eat, shower and exercise while they are sleeping. The cardiovascular framework So as to investigate the cardiovascular framework in space, a few basics of the heart ought to be noted. A sound cardiovascular framework is basic for space explorers going to space, since the heart capacities diversely in microgravity and it is liable for some primary elements of the body. The physiology of the cardiovascular framework in space, subsequently will be adjusted and this can affect the capacity of the framework. Moving supplements (for example oxygen O2, food) to the tissues of the body, squander evacuation (for example carbon dioxide CO2, side-effects) and controlling warmth conveyance between the body center and the skin (temperature) are some primary capacity of the cardiovascular framework (Evans, 2012). Heart is one of the muscles in our bodies which is continually in real life and it is a piece of the cardiovascular framework. This framework likewise incorporates courses, veins and vessels, all known as veins. Moreover, O2 and CO2 are conveyed and gathered, separa tely, to and from different organs, through veins siphoned by the heart.ã‚â Furthermore, the cardiovascular framework is liable for the blood siphoned towards the heart, because of the muscles of the legs (Evans, 2012). The cardiovascular framework in weightlessness At the point when a space explorer is exposed in space, the cardiovascular framework figures out how to work in such an environment.ã‚â The cardiovascular framework changes in microgravity, since the descending power of gravity doesn't exist any longer, as it existed on Earths condition. In this manner, because of the absence of the gravitational power, blood and body liquids are not consistently disseminated in the body, however more critically in the legs, where every one of these liquids move upwards, towards the head, coming about for space explorers to have puffy appearances and less leg boundary (winged animal legs), as appeared in Figure 1. Liquid move in the body, prompts the expansion of the size of the heart, at first, so as to deal with the increment of the blood stream. This happens during the main day of presentation in microgravity. What's more, because of the upward heading of the liquids, space explorers don't feel as parched, coming about to the decrease of the liquid levels after the main day and the heart shrivels (Lujan, Bartner, and White, 1994). Figure 1: Illustration of liquid move level. The liquids are disseminated consistently, pre-flight (left), liquids move, during flight (winged creature legs and puffy faces)(middle) and post flight, the weight is lower in the chest area, because of gravity, making faintness the human. (Watenpaugh and Hargens, 1996) Explanatory flights and the cardiovascular framework Airbus A300 Zero G is the airplane utilized by the French organization Novespace for reproduction of microgravity through allegorical flights, somewhere in the range of 1997 and 2014 as appeared in Figure 2. Offices, for example, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Aerospace Center, performed inquires about utilizing this airbus in the expressed timeframe, yet by 2015 the new Airbus A310 Zero G supplanted it. Figure 2: The Airbus A300 ZERO-G as it is flying in a grade of 40ã‚â ° to reach 0g. (Pletser, et al., 2015) These airplanes, were worked for looks into because of testing results previously or after space missions, by accomplishing allegorical trips under weightlessness for 20 seconds (Pletser, et al. 2015). All the more explicitly, the plane from a consistent even elevation, pulls up at a point roughly 40ã‚â ° in a time of 20s, coming about to an increasing speed between 1.8 g and 2 g and in this manner, the motors begin to back off, which prompts microgravity conditions inside the airplane as it arrives at the pinnacle of the parabola. At long last, the airplane produces an increasing speed of 1.8 g to 2 g, while flying down with generally 40ã‚â ° again for 20s and afterward before coming back to its underlying consistent height, rehashes the move from the earliest starting point, as appeared in Figure 3 (ESA, 2004). Furthermore, illustrative flights can explore how the cardiovascular arrangement of the human body responds under 0-g conditions, inside this timeframe by going thro ugh generally less cash than genuine spaceflights. Figure 3: This figure shows the move which the airplane (thick-dark line) follows to create microgravity conditions and exhibits the quickening and the microgravity level also. (ESA,2004) Somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2012, Novespace attempted a trial dependent on the response of the cardiovascular framework during an explanatory flight, utilizing the Airbus A300 Zero-G. The test presents a brief length of microgravity, where the liquids inside the body are disseminated. The heart is siphoned with more blood than expected coming about to an expansion of the circulatory strain in the ventricles of the heart. The feed volume of the cardiovascular framework stayed consistent however the pulse diminished by 14 min-1. Besides, it was expressed that space travelers were in a domain, where the body needed adequate oxygen gracefully, known as hypobaric hypoxia condition (HH) and since the examination is under an explanatory flight, the gravity was moving too. This sort of condition impacted the cardiovascular framework, where the information acquired for the plasma volume indicated a diminishing generally due to HH, from - 52 ml (hypobaric chamber) to - 115 ml (explanato ry flight) (Limper and Gauger ,2014). Another examination, analyzed the information for people in recumbent stance, under typical gravity and microgravity in explanatory flight (0G), which indicated an expansion in cardiovascular filling pressure coming about to the measurement of the left chamber to increment by 3.6 mm. Simultaneously the focal venous weight (CVP) diminished by 1.3 mmHg yet the transmural CVP expanded by 4.3 mmHg. At long last, when a space explorer comes back to Earth, because of the gravity, the blood stream is decreased and that can make the space traveler breakdown (Watenpaugh and Hargens, 1996). These outcomes were gotten by inquires about, so as to explore the results of the cardiovascular framework under weightlessness, by dodging real spaceflights, where these progressions are just briefly. The cardiovascular framework during spaceflights When space travelers enter space, the liquid levels in the body are not consistently dispersed as they were on Earth, which results to changes of the cardiovascular framework. As it was referenced in explanatory flights, the space explorers are under hypobaric-hypoxia conditions, implying that the oxygen immersion diminishes (SaO2) and henceforth the oxygen in the blood. It has been expressed that the grouping of O2 in the blood can drop down to 75%, where as a rule this levels ought to be over 80%, yet on the off chance that the space explorers remains in space for more, this focus will build back to 85% (Opatz and Gunga, 2014). In addition, the mass of the heart diminishes during spaceflights and along these lines the pulse is not as much as that on Earth. In 1996, it was accounted for that the pulse would increment as the space traveler nonstop to be under microgravity conditions, during a drawn out spaceflight (Charles, Frey, and Fritsch-Yelle, 1996). In weightlessness, critical impacts were additionally understood, the heart yield expanded though the systolic and diastolic weight diminished (Hamilton, Sargsyan, and Martin, 2011). Consequently, stroke volume is additionally re

Water, the Finite Resources Free Essays

string(146) in the hazard stage in light of the withdrawal of all the more new water for industry, farming, or urban communities in numerous territories (as refered to in Postel, 2000). Water, The Finite Resources Outline I. Presentation A. Opener: What is water shortage? B. We will compose a custom exposition test on Water, the Finite Resources or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Proposal explanation: One of the emergencies that our condition is confronting is new water shortage which is an intense issue and it influences our worldwide ecological. II. Water lack impacts on condition and individuals. A. Causes infection B. Rural fields C. Destitution bunch D. Sea-going Ecosystems III. Water shortage is causes by various elements. A. An unnatural weather change B. Changes of atmosphere C. Diminishing ground water level D. Populace development and the expanded utilization of water IV. Answer for water shortage is a need. A. Water Sharing Treaty B. Preservationists Oppose Desalination Solution C. Government’s rules, guidelines and plan V. End: People should utilize water admirably to set up a superior future for our people to come. Water, Our Finite Resources One of the emergencies that our condition is confronting is new water shortage which is an intense issue and it influences our worldwide condition. In the unfathomable dark desert of room, the Earth which is constantly a blue-green desert garden has a limited load of new water (Lean, 2009). Water is the vital component for all financial development and for continuing solid environments (â€Å"Water shortage: The†, n. . ). Water shortage is the result of an imbalance between the flexibly of and interest for water supplies in a land territory. Evidently put, water shortage depends on the absence of water which implies the amount of water and the absence of access to safe water which alludes to nature of the water. It is difficult to pict ure that protected and clean water can't be underestimated; at the same time, finding a trustworthy wellspring of safe water devours time and it is costly in the creating scene. This is characterized as monetary shortage though physical shortage of water can be survived if more water can be found, yet it needs more assets to do it. In different territories, the lack of water is an increasingly exceptional issue (FOA, n. d. ). There is just under 1% of the world’s new water which is promptly available for direct human use (â€Å"Water facts†, n. d. ). Lean (2009) examined that by 2030, the greater part of the world’s populace will remain in high hazard zones. In light of the World Water Development report, which is accumulated by 24 UN offices under the support of UNESCO, include that deficiencies of water are beginning to oblige the monetary development in areas as assorted as Australia, California, Chia, India, and Indonesia (FOA, n. d. ). Along these lines, this can show that water shortage truly influences people and the earth particularly destitution, farming field, oceanic biological systems, and causes illness. Destitution is the biggest issue on which water emergency has an effect. Shah (2010) reported that there are 2. 6 billion individuals on the planet who need fundamental sanitation while deficient access to water has influenced 1. 1 billion individuals in creating nations, while the remainder of world appreciates direct access to freshwater for residential use. For destitute individuals, water shortage is tied in with guaranteeing the reasonable and safe access which they have to make sure about their occupations, and support their lives. FOA, n. d. ). Around 1. 8 billion individuals just can get to water inside one kilometer and expend around twenty liters for each day; individuals in United Kingdom use on normal 150liters every day. One out of each five kids (400 million) from the creating scene doesn't ap proach safe water. Around 443 million youngsters lost their school days every year from water-related sickness (Shah, 2010). Moreover, absence of water implies a large number of ladies are spending numerous hours consistently in gathering water, once in a while from a few miles away (FOA, n. d. ). It is obviously show that water shortage is keeping them from achieving even initial step on the financial stepping stool. Water shortage impacts horticulture fields and nourishment creation. (Sentlinger, n. d. ) Since agribusiness is the greatest water customer, it takes 70percent of the all out use; water lack causes powerless cultivating harvest, loss of animal riches in farmland, and prompts uncertainty of nourishment. (â€Å"Water security†, 2010) Moreover, the measure of water requirements for nourishment creation is the issue. Individuals want increasingly more water for significantly more horticulture. However the most significant supporter of water shortage and to the environment is the manner in which individuals use water (Molden, De Fraiture, Rijisberman, 2007). Also, the amount, accessibility, and cost of key nourishment item sources of info can be legitimately affected upon by water shortage having a negative effect on creature and harvest yields. The cost of nourishment items is especially powerless and helpless to the stuns of startling outrageous climate occurrences, while creatures yields are exceptionally in danger from raised water temperatures particularly aquaculture and access to clean water sources (Krechowicz, Venugopal, Sauer, Somani, Pandey, 2010). Inside the following ten to twenty years, the water emergency appears to probably trigger noteworthy deficiencies in grain creation. Accordingly, a huge worldwide nourishment emergency will happen (Quarterly, 2010). Water shortage, the worldwide basic issue cause expanding natural pressure, and it influences the biological system. So as to tackle the water shortage issue, tremendous dam development causes block attempt of waterway stream, and it is jeopardizing the needy animals. The examination assessed 24% of warm blooded animals, 12% of fowls, and 10% of freshwater fish types are imperiled (â€Å"Water security†, 2010). Expanding utilization water not just diminishing the measure of water for human turn of events yet has welcomed a significant effect on the oceanic biological systems and their upheld stocks (World Water Council, n. d. ). Moreover, freshwater species additionally experience living space debasement and changes of warm systems which identify with atmosphere adjustment and water impoundment (Arthurtonet al. , n. d. ). The greater part of local freshwater in South Australia are as of now recorded as uncommon, imperiled or powerless and the issue is intensifying by the dry season which makes preservation troublesome, when their territories evaporate (â€Å"Water security†, 2010). Covich, Postel and Carpenter clarify that the existence those biological systems support and the soundness of amphibian environments are in the hazard stage due to the withdrawal of all the more new water for industry, farming, or urban communities in numerous zones (as refered to in Postel, 2000). You read Water, the Finite Resources in class Article models Over or more, water shortage welcomes a major impact on human wellbeing. The absolute most significant issue deciding general wellbeing which has been distinguished by the World Health Organization is perfect water (â€Å"Problem: Fresh water†, n. d. ). The worldwide water emergency causes passing and sickness on the planet taking more than 14,000 people’s lives which incorporate 11,000 of youngsters under age five take every day (West, n. d. ). Poor water quality raises the danger of diarrhoeal illnesses, for example, loose bowels, typhoid fever, cholera, and other water-borne diseases. Interim, ailments, for example, trachoma, typhus, and plague are brought about by water shortage. Individuals store water at home because of water deficiency; this will expand the danger of family unit water pollution and giving mosquitoes a rearing ground, which are bearers of intestinal sickness, dengue fever and different illnesses (World Health Organization, n. d. ). Human wellbeing is the most significant issue yet now water emergency previously put human wellbeing underneath the security level. The ever-expanding total populace is a prime reason for the water shortage. As populaces develop quickly, modern, agrarian and singular water requests increment (â€Å"Global water shortage†, n. . ). In the only remaining century, worldwide water utilization enhanced six overlay which is more than double the speed of populace increment and it is accepted that water utilization will keep developing and outpace populace development later on; notwithstanding, the accessible freshwater is restricted which is not exactly the one percent of the all out water on the Earth (â€Å"Wat er shortage and†, n. d. ). Postel anticipated the world is presently confronting the issue of lacking water gracefully and predicts that issue of water flexibly or water accessibility will deteriorate for the following 30years. Subsequently, Sandra contended it raises the issues of water gracefully in farming, creation for human interest because of increment of pay, and giving drinking water (as refered to in Environmentalist on Water Conservation, 2010). Water deficiency likewise happens in light of diminishing groundwater level. In 2000, worldwide water withdrawal was anticipated to be 30% of the world’s all out accessible new water gracefully. Prior to 2025, this part may arrive at 70% (â€Å"Water security and†, 2010). The water level underground in various pieces of the earth are called water tables (Edwin, 2010). Water tables are dropping a direct result of the over-siphoning out of groundwater in numerous nations in an enormous segment (â€Å"Problem: Fresh†, n. d. ) which as of now surpasses regular recharging (â€Å"Water security and†, 2010). The absence of the downpour water falling causes ground water to stream into the ocean. This will cause a moderate reduction of the ground water level and this must be controlled to attempt to make the water table increment. Water mining is going on atâ twiceâ the speed of normal recharging, causing spring water tables to fall by 3 to 10 feet for each year in many pieces of the nation. Subsequently, the more profound the water table, the more intense it is for the individuals who need to utilize it (Edwin, 2010). Water shortage occurs because of its appropriation yet not the absolute volume of

Same Sex Marriage Essay - 825 Words

Same Sex Marriage (Essay Sample) Content: Same-sex marriageName:College:Think you've bumped into someone you need to spend the entire of your life on. You're wholly in love, and you need to get matched. However, you cannot. You are not granted to. You do not aim to get a wedding receipt; no consecrates, no changing wedding rings, nay pass down the aisle. You are besides abnegated the effectual rights that descend along with matrimony. If your mate gets unwell with a terminal sickness, you might not be permitted to pay them a visit in the infirmary since you are not their mate. If their demise from that sickness, all their secular ownership could become to a remote cousin since you are not conjoined, even although you deuce were spouses in nearly all other mode. Regrettably, these are roughly of the adversities that lesbian and gay spouses encounter each day (Sterngass, 2012). And, the pitiful matter is almost of the statements maintaining same-sex wedding are blemished, and reactions' and are found upon noth ing extra than fear, bigotry, ignorance and prejudice. Like -sex marriage ought to be legitimized since gay and lesbian duos are good nurtures, since homosexuality is a mutual occurrence in the universe, and because the legislation maintaining same sex-wedlock from being legitimized are outdated and old.Those versus lesbian and gay wedlock mostly use the debate that homosexual pairs are unsound parents and can not bring forth a kid minus assistance from a third posse. Therefore, they ought not to be granted to correspond, because the only ground for marriage is to give rise to a kid. You will discover that the debater has so soon negated them. When the chief argue for wedlock is to sire a child, and then how come are infertile pairs permitted to wed? And why does the debater claim lesbians and gays à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unsound parents' when no believable analyze has always determined that to be truthful? A analyze carried out by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) depicts that kids b rought up in homes with duo parents of the same sex grow just as naturally as their compeers. Also, explore carried by Gartrell Nanette ( psychiatry professor at the University of California) and Bos Henry ( University of Amsterdam, behavioral scientist) demonstrated that kids with tribade nurtures may be excising still dearer than their age mates. On ordinary, children brought up in lesbian houses had gamier scores, higher self-esteem, and were minus potential to formulate behavioral troubles.Some other usually employed debate is that homosexuality is abnormal plus that, by consenting same-sex matrimony, we are urging an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"execration' (Vanita, 2005). Duo gay strap penguinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s birds at the Central Park menagerie are dwelling, breathing validation that their debate is fictitious. Their names are Silo and Ray, and they have lived à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in unity' for a trivial over six calendars. Zookeepers have attempted to extend them female company, but they unshakabl y denied it. It's a like account at the Jerusalem Park, where duo gay griffon vultures, Yehuda and Dashik, are mothering a foster chick in unity. Homo sexualism in beasts is not exactly something that happens in zoos, either. Agreeing to zoologist, Bockman Petter, approximately 1,500 unlike forms of animals, exercises same-sex mating in the wild.The final of the lead three debates is that same-sex relationships are short-lasted and non-meandrous, therefore, lesbians and gays ought to not be granted to marry. This debate is so out-of-date it's virtually funny. It might have had some believability, say, 40 years since, when disjoint was an uncommon happening and adultery was an offense. However, present, over half of heterosexual wedlock finish in divorce. Today, 54% of women and 57% of men have acknowledged betrayed on his/her partner (Staver, 1998). Matrimony is no thirstier what it was forty years ago.Thither are lots other ... Same Sex Marriage Essay - 825 Words Same Sex Marriage (Essay Sample) Content: Same-sex marriageName:College:Think you've bumped into someone you need to spend the entire of your life on. You're wholly in love, and you need to get matched. However, you cannot. You are not granted to. You do not aim to get a wedding receipt; no consecrates, no changing wedding rings, nay pass down the aisle. You are besides abnegated the effectual rights that descend along with matrimony. If your mate gets unwell with a terminal sickness, you might not be permitted to pay them a visit in the infirmary since you are not their mate. If their demise from that sickness, all their secular ownership could become to a remote cousin since you are not conjoined, even although you deuce were spouses in nearly all other mode. Regrettably, these are roughly of the adversities that lesbian and gay spouses encounter each day (Sterngass, 2012). And, the pitiful matter is almost of the statements maintaining same-sex wedding are blemished, and reactions' and are found upon noth ing extra than fear, bigotry, ignorance and prejudice. Like -sex marriage ought to be legitimized since gay and lesbian duos are good nurtures, since homosexuality is a mutual occurrence in the universe, and because the legislation maintaining same sex-wedlock from being legitimized are outdated and old.Those versus lesbian and gay wedlock mostly use the debate that homosexual pairs are unsound parents and can not bring forth a kid minus assistance from a third posse. Therefore, they ought not to be granted to correspond, because the only ground for marriage is to give rise to a kid. You will discover that the debater has so soon negated them. When the chief argue for wedlock is to sire a child, and then how come are infertile pairs permitted to wed? And why does the debater claim lesbians and gays à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unsound parents' when no believable analyze has always determined that to be truthful? A analyze carried out by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) depicts that kids b rought up in homes with duo parents of the same sex grow just as naturally as their compeers. Also, explore carried by Gartrell Nanette ( psychiatry professor at the University of California) and Bos Henry ( University of Amsterdam, behavioral scientist) demonstrated that kids with tribade nurtures may be excising still dearer than their age mates. On ordinary, children brought up in lesbian houses had gamier scores, higher self-esteem, and were minus potential to formulate behavioral troubles.Some other usually employed debate is that homosexuality is abnormal plus that, by consenting same-sex matrimony, we are urging an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"execration' (Vanita, 2005). Duo gay strap penguinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s birds at the Central Park menagerie are dwelling, breathing validation that their debate is fictitious. Their names are Silo and Ray, and they have lived à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in unity' for a trivial over six calendars. Zookeepers have attempted to extend them female company, but they unshakabl y denied it. It's a like account at the Jerusalem Park, where duo gay griffon vultures, Yehuda and Dashik, are mothering a foster chick in unity. Homo sexualism in beasts is not exactly something that happens in zoos, either. Agreeing to zoologist, Bockman Petter, approximately 1,500 unlike forms of animals, exercises same-sex mating in the wild.The final of the lead three debates is that same-sex relationships are short-lasted and non-meandrous, therefore, lesbians and gays ought to not be granted to marry. This debate is so out-of-date it's virtually funny. It might have had some believability, say, 40 years since, when disjoint was an uncommon happening and adultery was an offense. However, present, over half of heterosexual wedlock finish in divorce. Today, 54% of women and 57% of men have acknowledged betrayed on his/her partner (Staver, 1998). Matrimony is no thirstier what it was forty years ago.Thither are lots other ...

The History of the Guillotine

During the 1700s, executions in France were public events where entire towns gathered to watch. A common execution method for a poor criminal was quartering, where the prisoners limbs were tied to four oxen, then the animals were driven in four different directions ripping the person apart. Upper-class criminals could buy their way into a less painful death by hanging or beheading. The guillotine is an instrument for inflicting capital punishment by decapitation that came into common use in France after 1792 (during the French Revolution). In 1789, a French physician first suggested that all criminals should be executed by a â€Å"machine that beheads painlessly. Heritage Images / Getty Images Doctor Joseph Ignace Guillotin Doctor Joseph Ignace Guillotin was born in Saintes, France in 1738 and elected to the French National Assembly in 1789. He belonged to a small political reform movement that wanted to banish the death penalty completely. Guillotin argued for a painless and private capital punishment method equal for all the classes, as an interim step towards completely banning the death penalty. Beheading devices had already been used in Germany, Italy, Scotland, and Persia for aristocratic criminals. However, never had such a device been adopted on a large institutional scale. The French named the guillotine after Doctor Guillotin. The extra e at the end of the word was added by an unknown English poet who found guillotine easier to rhyme with. Doctor Guillotin together with German engineer and harpsichord maker Tobias Schmidt, built the prototype for an ideal guillotine machine. Schmidt suggested using a diagonal blade instead of a round blade. Leon Berger Noted improvements to the guillotine machine were made in 1870 by the assistant executioner and carpenter Leon Berger. Berger added a spring system, which stopped the mouton at the bottom of the groves. He added a lock/blocking device at the lunette and a new release mechanism for the blade. All guillotines built after 1870 were made according to Leon Bergers construction. The French Revolution began in 1789, the year of the famous storming of the Bastille. On July 14 of the same year, King Louis XVI of France was driven from the French throne and sent into exile. The new civilian assembly rewrote the penal code to say, Every person condemned to the death penalty shall have his head severed. All classes of people were now executed equally. The first guillotining took place on April 25, 1792, when Nicolas Jacques Pelletie was guillotined at Place de Grà ¨ve on the Right Bank. Ironically, Louis XVI had his own head chopped off on January 21, 1793. Thousands of people were publicly guillotined during the French Revolution. The Last Guillotine Execution On September 10, 1977, the last execution by guillotine took place in Marseilles, France, when the murderer Hamida Djandoubi was beheaded. Guillotine Facts Total weight of a guillotine is about 1278 lbsThe guillotine metal blade weighs about 88.2 lbsThe height of guillotine posts average about 14 feetThe falling blade has a rate of speed of about 21 feet/secondJust the actual beheading takes 2/100 of a secondThe time for the guillotine blade to fall down to where it stops takes 70th of a second Prunier's Experiment In a scientific effort to determine if any consciousness remained following decapitation by the guillotine, three French doctors attended the execution of Monsieur Theotime Prunier in 1879, having obtained his prior consent to be the subject of their experimentation. Immediately after the blade fell on the condemned man, the trio retrieved his head and attempted to elicit some sign of intelligent response by shouting in his face, sticking in pins, applying ammonia under his nose, silver nitrate, and candle flames to his eyeballs. In response, they could record only that M Pruniers face bore a look of astonishment.

The Mental Illness Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare

In America, someone commits suicide every 12.8 minutes, which leads suicide to be the 10th most common form of death. (Facts 1). More than 90 percent of those that commit suicide have mental illnesses (Duckworth 1). Before people were educated about what mental illness was and the seriousness of the diseases, the mentally ill were given the same treatment as the homeless people (Duckworth 1). The mentally ill also were treated horribly; some were attached to poles, chained to different objects, or kept in dark, underground prisons (Duckworth 1). During this time, people assumed that the mentally ill were contagious because they did not fully understand what mental illness were. Mental illness ranges from many different sicknesses, but depression and ultimately suicide are most common (Facts 1). In the play Hamlet, Shakespeare reveals that suicide is caused by mental illness and trauma, as exemplified by Hamlet’s musing about suicide and Ophelia’s actual suicide. Hamlet experiences traumatic events during his early adulthood such as: the death of his father, finding out his uncle murdered his father, and then his mother and uncle’s marriage. These events eventually lead Hamlet to go insane. King Hamlet died unexpectedly which caused young Hamlet excessive grief and depression. Hamlet is being accused of exaggerating his grief about his father’s death. This really angers Hamlet because no one understands how distraught he is over the loss of his father. Hamlet is so depressedShow MoreRelatedMental Illness in Shakespeares Works1371 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Shakespeare’s many works, mental illnesses have played an undeniable part in many of them, especially his tragedies. From Lady Macbeth hallucination of a bloody spot leading to her suicide, to Hamlet’s faked illness and Ophelia’s very real illness, afflictions of the mind are featured prominently in the Bard of Avalon’s many works. Still, in the Elizabethan era, understanding of mental illness was rudimentary at best, as were the methods of treating it. During the Middle Ages and ElizabethanRead MoreHamlet : Once A Man Of Reason1398 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet: Once a Man of Reason In today’s world, the word hero has been portrayed in many different ways. With each member of our society having their own creative imagination on what qualifies as a hero, the definition has changed immensely. Unfortunately, no matter how impeccable a hero may present himself, every fictional hero is indeed human. With that being said, the two share the same deficiencies as every human such as physical disabilities, internal ailments, and mental impairments. SocietyRead MoreMental Insanity In Macbeth And Hamlet By William Shakespeare952 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare uses insanity to contrast characters in his tragedies. Shakespeare often uses stress as a trigger to spiral his characters into this state of mind. Shakespeare’s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet both contain characters that experience a great deal of stress and fall into mental unrest. This mental unrest or insanity is a device used by Shakespeare for contrasting imagery of characterization. The contrast of mental illness with mental wellness within these tragedies is shown in multipleRead MorePsychoanalysis Of Hamlet1171 Words   |  5 PagesPsychoanalysis of Shakespeare’s Hamlet In the world of literature, drama is one of the more subconsciously relatable and personable subgenres. Fiction and poetry may convey common events or stories, but drama uniquely presents them before the audience’s eyes, where every detail is analyzed and absorbed. Because drama is physically portrayed through actors, the audience members process body language and physical aspects of the stage in conjunction with the spoken script, to piece together individualRead MoreThe Mind Is A Dangerous Place1677 Words   |  7 Pagesbelonging. In Hamlet, a play written by William Shakespeare, a young prince is recovering from the death of his father when his life changes with the discovery that a member of his own family, his uncle, murdered the prince’s father motivated by insatiable greed, the same uncle who is the new king of Denmark and husband to the prince’s mother. This discovery is revealed by an apparition that bares a striking resemblance to the young princeâ₠¬â„¢s father who encourages the prince, Hamlet, to seek revengeRead MoreHamlet s Rational Mind : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1071 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish IV, 4th January 28, 2016 Hamlet’s Rational Mind In William Shakespeare s Hamlet, there are many conflicts present that can be applied to modern time. Hamlet, as the protagonist, displays many difficult aspects that haunt mankind to this day. Hamlet is a dynamic character. He believes that he is the smartest person in the room, which most of the time he is. He comes up with conniving schemes to get his revenge. Although Hamlet believes in his brilliant plan to feign madness, it causes soRead MoreHamlet, Madness or Sanity Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, Madness or Sanity Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, is about a young prince who wants revenge when he learns about the murder of his father. As the play begins, Hamlet’s character appears to be a normal, sane person. Moving through the acts Hamlet’s personality changes from normal to depressed. There are hints of insanity that try to convince people Hamlet is â€Å"mad†. Others might say that Hamlet is faking madness to pursue his goal of revenge. First, he sees a â€Å"ghost† that tells Hamlet whoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark884 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters and situations. The writer creates these characters with personality to fulfil their story with drama. The play â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† by William Shakespeare consists of many dramatic characters. 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Positive Genetic Engineering Essay Example For Students

Positive Genetic Engineering Essay Genetic Engineering: A leap in to the future or a leap towards destruction?IntroductionScience is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the time from an analytical engine, to a calculator, to a computer. However, science, in the past, has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history has science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering will undoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretation of facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. They fear that it is unsafe; however, genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even aging are a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embracing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of natures evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first laws of heredity. Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendels discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, in regards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his or her father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the chil d has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every living organisms cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. Sex cells are the only cells that contain a complete DNA map of the organism, therefore, the structure of a DNA molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the shape, form, and function of the offspring (Lewin 1). DNA discovery is attributed to the research of three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson in 1951. They were all later accredited with the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin 1). The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slow process of evolution (Stableford 25). In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from an organisms DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNA strand, full of new encoded instructions; a strand that would have taken Mother Nature millions of years of natural selection to develop. Isolating and removing a desired gene from a DNA strand involves many different tools. DNA can be broken up by exposing it to ultra-highfrequency sound waves, but this is an extremely inaccurate way of isolating a desirable DNA section (Stableford 26). A more accurate way of DNA splicing is the use of restriction enzymes, which are produced by various species of bacteria (Clarke 1). The restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand at a particular location called a nucleotide base, which makes up a DNA molecule. Now that the desired portion of the DNA is cut out, it can be joined to anothe str and of DNA by using enzymes called ligases. The final important step in the creation of a new DNA strand is giving it the ability to self-replicate. This can be accomplished by using special pieces of DNA, called vectors, that permit the generation of multiple copies of a total DNA strand and fusing it to the newly created DNA structure. Another newly developed method, called polymerase chain reaction, allows for faster replication of DNA strands and does not require the use of vectors (Clarke 1). Viewpoint 1The possibilities of genetic engineering are endless. Once the power to control the instructions, given to a single cell, are mastered anything can be accomplished. For example, insulin can be created and grown in large quantities by using an inexpensive gene manipulation method of growing a certain bacteria. This supply of insulin is also not dependant on the supply of pancreatic tissue from animals. Recombinant factor VIII, the blood clotting agent missing in people suffering from hemophilia, can also be created by genetic engineering. Virtually all people who were treated with factor VIII before 1985 acquired HIV, and later AIDS. Being completely pure, the bioengineered version of factor VIII eliminates any possibility of viral infection. Other uses of genetic engineering include creating disease resistant crops, formulating milk from cows already containing pharmaceutical compounds, generating vaccines, and altering livestock traits (Clarke 1). In the not so distant future, genetic engineering will become a principal player in fighting genetic, bacterial, and viral disease, along with controlling aging, and providing replaceable parts for humans. Medicine has seen many new innovations in its history. The discovery of anesthetics permitted the birth of modern surgery, while the production of antibiotics in the 1920s minimized the threat from diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and cholera. The creation of serums which build up the bodies immune sys tem to specific infections, before being laid low with them, has also enhanced modern medicine greatly (Stableford 59). All of these discoveries will fall under the broad shadow of genetic engineering when it reaches its apex in the medical community. Canada's Copyright Law EssayThe evolution of man can be broken up into three basic stages. The first, lasting millions of years, slowly shaped human nature from Homo erectus to Home sapiens. Natural selection provided the means for countless random mutations resulting in the appearance of such human characteristics as hands and feet. The second stage, after the full development of the human body and mind, saw humans moving from wild foragers to an agriculture based society. Natural selection received a helping hand as man took advantage of random mutations in nature and bred more productive species of plants and animals. The most bountiful wheats were collected and re-planted, and the fastest horses were bred with equally faster horses. Even in our recent history the strongest black male slaves were mated with the hardest working female slaves. The third stage, still developing today, will not require the chance acquisition of super-mutations in nature. Man will be able to create s uch super-species without the strict limitations imposed by natural selection. By examining the natural slope of this evolution, the third stage is a natural and inevitable plateau that man will achieve (Stableford 8). This omniscient control of our world may seem completely foreign, but the thought of the Egyptians erecting vast pyramids would have seem strange to Homo erectus as well. ConclusionMany claim genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world into chaotic darkness. However, few realize that many safety nets regarding bioengineering are already in effect. The Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) was formed under the National Institute of Health to provide guidelines for research on engineered bacteria for industrial use. The RAC has also set very restrictive guidelines requiring Federal approval if research involves pathogenicity (the rare ability of a microbe to cause disease) (Davis, Roche 69). It is well established that most natural bacteria do not cause disease. After many years of experimentation, microbiologists have demonstrated that they can engineer bacteria that are idence of regeneration is all around and the science of genetic engineering is slowly mastering its techniques. Regeneration in mammals is essentially a kind of controlled cancer, called a blastema. The cancer is deliberately formed at the regeneration site and then converted into a structure just as safe as their natural counterparts (Davis and Rouche 70). In fact the RAC reports that there has not been a single case of illness or harm caused by recombinant bacteria, and they now are used safely in high school experiments (Davis and Rouche 69). Scientists have also devised other methods of preventing bacteria from escaping their labs, such as modifying the bacteria so that it will die if it is removed from the laboratory environment. This creates a shield of complete safety for the outside world. It i s also thought that if such bacteria were to escape it would act like smallpox or anthrax and ravage the land. However, laboratory-created organisms are not as competitive as pathogens. Davis and Roche sum it up in extremely laymens terms, no matter how much Frostban you dump on a field, its not going to spread (70). In fact Frostbran, developed by Steven Lindow at the University of California, Berkeley, was sprayed on a test field in 1987 and was proven by a RAC committee to be completely harmless (Thompson 104). Fear of the unknown has slowed the progress of many scientific discoveries in the past. The thought of man flying or stepping on the moon did not come easy to the average citizens of the world. But the fact remains, they were accepted and are now an everyday occurrence in our lives. Genetic engineering is in its period of fear and misunderstandifng, but like every great discovery in history, it will enjoy its time of realization and come into full use in society. The world is on the brink of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and through knowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with open arms. BibliographyBioethics: an Introduction. N. d. Online posting. Internet. 2 Dec. 1997. Clarke, Bryan C. Genetic Engineering. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Davis, Bernard, and Lissa Roche. Sorcerers Apprentice or Handmaiden to Humanity. USA TODAY: The Magazine of the American Scene 118 Nov 1989: 68-70. Lewin, Seymour Z. Nucleic Acids. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk Wagnalls CorporationShapiro, Harold T. Ethical and Policy Issues of Human Cloning Journal Group: Sci/tech 11 Jul. 1997. 195-196. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Snell, Marilyn Berlin Bioprospecting or Biopiracy? Utne Reader March/April 1996. 82-93. UTNE READER 1996. SIRS, 1996. Stableford, Brian. Future Man. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1984. Thompson, Dick. The Most Hated Man in Science. Time 23 Dec 4 1989: 102-104

Process Analysis Essay free essay sample

The Secret This essay will provide three effective ways to stay alert and awake during a lecture. The methods are simple and easy to maintain. A person can count ceiling tiles to keep the mind and eyes focused on something while allowing the ears to freely hear the lecture given. A different way to stay occupied includes the practice of sketching effortless things in order to keep the mind focused on the lecture. The last and most effective way is to speak quietly. This essay will discuss, in detail, how to accomplish these tasks: counting ceiling tiles, sketching, and talking to oneself. First off, a way to evade falling asleep in class involves counting ceiling tiles. If a person starts dozing off in the middle of a lecture, said person could look up at the ceiling and begin counting the tiles above them. One can try deciphering the different shapes and sizes of the ceiling tiles. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Analysis Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, one can even divide them into different shapes and count them that way. This demonstrates a successful process for keeping awake and alert during any given lecture or tedious task a person must handle. Sometimes people find things such as this as difficult to accomplish even the most necessary tasks to accomplish at times. This proves to form a successful technique to prevent people from failing. Moreover, sketching helps when trying to keep oneself from drifting into a perpetual slumber during an important class or lecture. First, one must select the perfect color of ink needed to provide the ideal sketching experience and the desired fluidity of movement. This task allows a person to successfully hear the lecture being spoken and keep the mind from drifting off into unconsciousness. Second, one will need the proper paper to exercise sketching skills. Many different grades of paper are available. These range from notebook and copy paper to construction paper and card stock. Lastly, one needs the proper surface that will provide a smooth drawing experience. While the limitations of the writing surface are subject to the teaching environment or materials one has, one must choose the most solid and smooth surface. Finally, one can have a silent, mental conversation. The downfall of this technique is a person may miss key parts of the lecture given. However, this gives evidence to the fact that a person can keep the mind alert when attempting to stay awake in class. This proves itself as the most effective technique because this requires the person’s brain to stay attentive throughout the whole conversation. When a person normally speaks, one does not drift into slumber as easily. The best thing to discuss with oneself during a lecture attests to the way one maintains awareness while paying attention. In conclusion, this essay has discussed how to accomplish counting ceiling tiles, sketching, and talking to oneself. Counting ceiling tiles will the brain active and the eyes occupied, sketching provides movement for the hands and to allow the brain to concentrate on the lecture in progress, and lastly, to quietly engage in a conversation with oneself. This allows a person to remain alert and keeps a person awake during the class. With these tools, life will overwhelm ones life with success.

Definition of Philosophy

Definition of Philosophy Free Online Research Papers Philosophy is a subject or idea that I constantly think about, but in my head I always thought it was because I had an overactive imagination. One may even say, maybe I looked to in depth at certain topics and ideas. After approaching the topic, I can say that maybe I have a philosophical mind. One would think the basis of philosophy is to ask the questions that can not be answered or hope would be answered. However, philosophy is so much more and contains many parts and schools of thoughts that one realizes the basis of knowledge begins with a question; begins with philosophy. The American Heritage Dictionary defined philosophy in eight different ways; which includes: â€Å"the love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual means and moral discipline; investigation of nature, causes, principles of reality, knowledge, values that are based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods; a system of thought based on or involving inquiries; the critical analysis of fundamental assumptions or beliefs, etc† (2005). In other words, philosophy is the study of the fundamentals and background of any subject of idea. In philosophy, one may question one’s existence, of even the foundation of one’s beliefs. â€Å"If one strives for a higher autonomous worldview, cultivating a thinking free of religious and other dogmas, then one is doing philosophy† (Heidegger Saddler, 2000, p. 6). Philosophy can then mean to think freely without personal opinions and beliefs enforcing or coercing ideas – to think freely without any inhibitors. The foundation of philosophy is based on the questions that begin the thinking. With philosophical questions, one is trying to find the meaning behind an idea or existence. Some questions can be answered with logical and sound reasoning, while others become rhetorical questions that stimulate the brain for discussion. This is the opposite of scientific and factual questions. These type of questions – scientific and factual – require answers with some type of facts behind them; an answer that is tangible or can be proven. When a person thinks of mathematics for instance, when those theories presented themselves, the answers were tangible and can be proven with a particular equation. Philosophy does not in most cases. One can say that most philosophers are creating questions that deal with subjects that might not have a direct, tangible response. â€Å"†¦man acquires the explanations and interpretations of his individual and social life. The meaning and purpose of human existence and of human creation as a culture, are discovered† (Heidegger Saddler, 2000, p. 9). With this statement, one can see how the questions would not have an answer like those of scientific and factual questions. Yes, with these philosophical questions, one can obtain an answer, but the answer might not be based on facts. One would raise a theory or even argument, and then support that argument with logical reasoning and support. The website which featured a document from the book titled, The Nature of Philosophy stated mainly, philosophy is based off of questions that can only be answered with sound reasoning. In scientific or factual questions, one can study particular information, conduct experiments or surve ys, or even produce a simulation. Philosophy is quite the opposite, empirical investigations can be used to support philosophy but cannot be done to answer the philosophical question. Listed below are examples of philosophical questions to further show the difference between scientific/factual questions and philosophical questions: Does every event have a cause? When we judge something as good and bad, are we using our own personal views? Does morality truly exist? Does all our five senses truly represent the world around us? To begin to even answer these questions, one must know what the questions mean; which is the start of thinking philosophically. If we were to test if every event had a cause, we would have to check every event in the world and even then that would be questioned. Looking at the last question, one could think it is easily answered because of all the tools we have to test scientifically, but the dispute is that we use our sense for those tools. A true philosopher would begin to deconstruct your theory as soon as you started to answer factually or scientifically. This brings to the next difference that philosophical questions can generate more questions because there is no foundation to begin to build your answers. Philosophy is a subject that can have no true right or wrong answer, because all philosophers are looking for wisdom and increased knowledge. The subjects can range from anything and everything. The history of philosophy starts with the examination of what is life and its beings. Even looking back on past writing by the greatest philosophers, everything was thought supported with sound reasoning to base an answer on. Even now to this day, those answers are being manipulated and changing with the times. Philosophy cannot be answered simply and supported with just one factual answer because not everything in this subject can be answered. Philosophy is meant to stimulate the mind and for people to begin to think out of the box. References Heidegger, M., Sadler, T. (2000). Towards the definition of philosophy. : The Athlone Press. Houghton Mifflin Company. (2005). American heritage dictionary. Retrieved from ask.com/web?q=dictionary%3A+philosophycontent=ahdict%7C52396o=0l=dir (). The nature of philosphy. Retrieved from http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:qVueDHQIUu0J:www.polity.co.uk/nuttall/pdf/001.pdf+nature+of+philosophical+questionshl=engl=ussig=AHIEtbR5akmmoTEvghzdQtUV_w-f0XL7Hw Research Papers on Definition of PhilosophyStandardized TestingBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThree Concepts of PsychodynamicComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Critical review for a Book chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical review for a Book chapter - Essay Example Tourism department of several countries is motivating the hospitality organizations to focus on these things in order to attain both social and economic growth. In addition to this, this food and drink tourism festival can help the hospitality management students to learn about several key aspects associated with food and drink tourism. Discussion Food and drink festivals and events effectively provide extra attraction to the tourism concept. People, who love to visit popular tourist spots and cities, always try to experience the special local festivals and events of those areas. It is important for the tourism management organizations to take care all of these aspects along with basic aspects. The basic aspect is to take care the of the comfort and satisfaction level of the visitors. Global tourism sector is achieving significant growth rate. Various hospitality sectors are significantly contributing to the growth of this department. It is known to all that several developed and dev eloping countries are trying to improve this specific area as tourism department is considered as one of the major economic growth driver of a country. Several local restaurants and other hospitality management organizations understood the significance of their growth and sustainable business practices (Boniface, 2003). In addition to this, governments of several countries are trying to incorporate all the related industries to this sector in order to meet the market demand and growth objectives. Food and drink festivals have several benefits. First of all, it helps an organization to meet the satisfaction level of the customers or visitors. On the other hand, these specific festivals and events can help individuals to learn about the culture, food habits and preparation of local food items. Experience of several events with food and drink tourism can provide effective education and information to the individuals who are trying to get employment opportunities in this specific sector . People can learn lots of things through these events and activities. It is true that several organizations or corporations educational types of events. Major objective behind the arrangements of these kind of is to educate the students or their employees. Practical knowledge about these events can help the individuals to increase their level of skill and competencies. Therefore, it can be stated that special and diversified events associated with food and drink tourism can help individuals to attain appropriate knowledge. Attractiveness of an events or a particular festival varies from a visitor to another visitor. Several visitors like to see and experience traditional and authenticated events. The authenticity of festivals and events attract these types of customers. On the other hand, some of the visitors like to see and experience newly organized events apart from older and traditional events. It is the perception of the visitors that determines the attractiveness of the event s. It is true that modernity represents the dissolution of genuine inter-subjectivity. The demand for modern activities and events is increasing significantly among the global visitors. Food brings authenticity in the tourism concept. The taste and preparation of

MOD 5 FIN SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 5 FIN SLP - Essay Example The challenge for non-profits is to effectively research and find funding resources to receive the necessary funds to perform all projects and functions within the company without missing out of any potential opportunities. We have two major projects we are currently working on that will be examined in this paper. The first project is attempting to improve our development budget to expand the company and purchase equipment and necessary resources for better care to the individuals. The second project is a local nonprofit book festival to allow developmentally challenged persons to interact with members of the community. The first project that we are currently implementing is one in which we are seeking funding for developmental avenues to expand the current operations of the company. We have been seeking different funding methods to increase our development budget and make necessary equipment and supplies purchases that are essential to providing proper care to these individuals. The primary source of funding that should be examined comes straight from state, federal and local grants that can be awarded to nonprofits for providing special care (Foster, Kim & Christiansen, 2009). These grants can be offered to any organization, group or individual based on very specific or broad criteria. Oftentimes, nonprofit organizations attempt to utilize these fiscal resources because grants are essentially free money that never has to be repaid. Grants can involve a lot of paperwork and man hours, but most require no fiscal obligation or investment and can pay for part or all of the necessary expenses to expan d operations given the type of care that is being provided and that we are indeed a nonprofit organization. These are two essential areas that work in our favor and will provide strong reasonable support to justify why we need the funds and that they will be put to good use to improve several of the local communities as

The Fall Of Rome Essay Example for Free

The Fall Of Rome Essay During period of government of Diocletian, Roman Empire gains more and more features of Western despotism. In order to strengthen the government, to regulate management of provinces Diocletian (284-303) makes complex of reforms: Administrative – he divides empire into Western and Eastern (final division in year 395); territory of Empire is divided into 10 dioceses (120 provinces); Tax – instead of indirect taxes (which were quite numerous and badly-collected) he promotes the one land- poll-tax in money or natural form (corn, wine, etc); Financial – he starts promotion of valuable golden coin (together with silver and copper, which were already in use); Military – he divides the army into internal armies, border armies and praetorian guards; increases quantity of army for 1/3; provides recruitment; increases the army at account of barbarians. Such reforms although couldn’t stop collapse of â€Å"colossus with clay legs†, which the Roman Empire became in 4-5 centuries, but slowed down its collapse for 1.5 centuries more. Army, officialdom and Christian church (Christianity becomes the government religion in the 4th century) – these are three foundations for Roman Empire of those years. In 476 the chief of German mercenaries uncrowns the last emperor Romulus Augustulus (The Collapse’ Chronology). Title of emperor and the very Empire finishes its existence. The reasons of fall of Rome were as follows: Increase of centrifugal tendencies in provinces; crisis of slave-holding way of manufacturing; appearance of elements of feudal society (colonate); Barbarian invasion (Germans, Hunnes, etc); the government changed into giant mechanism which exhausted their nationals, which often met Barbarians not as invaders, but as liberators; Period of antiquity finished; ‘medium evum’ the new à ©poque in the history of mankind started. What were opinions of historians and other prominent people for fall of Rome? Montesquieu saw the main reason of fall in collapse of Roman military valour and simplicity, which was the result of conquest of Rome rich Western countries. The prominent English historian Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) wrote a work â€Å"History of collapse and destruction of Roman Empire† which has became a classical work. He considers that the Roman Empire represented period, where the humankind was the luckiest and prosperous, especially during the à ©poque of Antonines. He analyses the reasons of fall of Rome and presents more then 20 factor, which influenced the process. His common conclusion is simple and categorical: the reason is in â€Å"triumph of Barbarians and religion† (Edward Gibbon). R. Collingwood related Gibbon’s work to retrograde or historian tendency in historiography of XVIII century; for representatives of this tendency the history is only â€Å"sightseeing of irrational forces†. The other researchers of XIX-XX centuries underlined other factors: progressive decrease of population; penetrating of â€Å"coastal† antique culture inside the country and its extensive expansion, as a reason of loss intensiveness and coming back to old, natural forms of economy; contradictions between city and village; struggle between â€Å"municipal bourgeoisie† and lower classes of city and village, which leads to revolution, the expression of which are military rebellions; Negative role of ruling personality. For example, transfer of power from Marcus Aurelia to Commodious – the Senate looses its prestige, and power of Rome was actually based on this authority; Decrease of quantity in Roman border army, starting from Augustus period of power, which prevented stable and reliable defense of Empire (History Alive material); Christianity and religion of sympathy for all unlucky personalities, weak and low, which appeared on the basis of â€Å"mortal enmity to reality† and became a vampire of Roman Empire as well as brought into naught great dead of Romans. So, taking into account everything we examined here, we can tell that the reasons of fall are connected with specifics of development of Rome as Empire; it means that we have to see combination of factors: Internal reasons – those social, economic, political, ethnic and demographic processes, which are connected with transformation of former polices, civitases, nomes, etc. Because of all this Empire becomes unstable government. It is not enough for fall of Rome, but it is enough to weaken it. The government reached limits of its â€Å"vital space†. Specifics of cultural, religious and ideological development: a) synthesis of their own cultural achievements in order to create non-contradictory system of new beliefs, based on their own traditions; b) great religious invasion from the East As a result of all those factors the Empire becomes weal government. The decisive role then, will play external factors: External factors: meeting of economies – Roman Empire consisted of developed Western provinces, zones of ancient and stable city tradition. Economic intervention destabilized position of government. Great migration of population. In such a way, the Fall of Rome was the result of influence of numerous factors. References: Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire: All left Rome open to outside invaders adapted from History Alive material [online] http://killeenroos.com/1/Romefall.htm The Collapse’ Chronology [online] http://www.roman-empire.net/collapse/collapse-index.html Medieval Sourcebook: Edward Gibbon: General Observations on the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West [online] http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html

Child Pornography Essay -- Sex Crime Children Essays

Child Pornography So how important is sex, in general, to this country and the whole world for that matter? Here is a very easy, simple test. Do a search on google.com with the keyword sex. The results will give back over sixty-two million sites. This is a staggering number, especially when you do a search with the keywords family, love and education and see that you come convincingly short of the results you get in the former. Pornography has been the leading player in exhibiting sexual behavior to those who care for such things. In fact, Pornography has become an $8 billion a year industry. However, like every industry, ethical and moral questions and situations come up. Although there are many in dealing with pornography, we will explore the area of Child Pornography. Child Pornography, as stated in section 18 of the United States Constitution, defines child pornography as generally â€Å"any visual depiction involving the use of a minor in sexually explicit conduct.† Sexually explicit conduct is defined as â€Å"actual or simulated† sexual intercourse, which includes genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or anal-anal, â€Å"whether between persons of the same or opposite sex.† Sexually explicit conduct also entails the crucial â€Å"lascivious exhibition of genitals or pubic area,† which will be explored in more detail in the case study. Finally, section 18 depicts the transportation of such conduct through the use of computers. Basically, digital cameras, scanners, video capture cards etc. are all used to convert any image or such to the desired and needed format to easily store or transport child pornography. So why should child pornography be a matter of discussion at all. First of ... ...ave to be willing to protect all people. Everybody counts. Really, the future of a society is greatly at stake when the generations that are to keep the society prosperous are not being protected fairly by their justice system. Therefore, option one, which is ultimately the decision taken by the Supreme Court in US vs. Knox, is the most ethical and stands as the right decision. Child Pornography is a very serious manner that can have detrimental effects upon the children of today and upon the integrity of our societal values and morals. This is why the US Constitution extends the law as much as possible to protect all children from this terror that unfortunately exists in our world. The Decision in United States v. Knox was just another measure to ensure full protection for all children from those who have the intention of being inductors of Child Pornography.

Case Silic

Case SILIC Question 1 Under IAS 40 companies can either use the cost model or the fair value model for investment property. Investment property is held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both of them. Next I will summarize main differences between the value models. If the company has chosen the cost model it can change it to the fair value model later. If the fair value model has chosen it is impossible to move back the cost model in practice. It is very hard to find any good reason how the cost value model will enhance the quality of financial reporting if the company has used the fair value method before.In that case if the company has chosen the fair value model the company has to use it in the future. The company has to take account of this issue. The cost model: The depreciation method is used and based on the useful lifetime or depreciation rate. The depreciation time is based on time how long the investment will turn a profit. The company has to report current valu e taken off accumulated depreciation on the balance sheet. Depreciations are reported on the income statement. If the company has chosen to use the cost model the fair value also has to be reported in the notes to the financial statement.The fair value model: Fair value of property is based on the market value. It is the price which independent player would pay for the property on the market. The company should use an expert who will confirm the fair value. The fair value has to be defined every accounting period. Fair values of investment properties are reported in the balance sheet and the changes in fair are reported in the profit and losses. The depreciations are not used in the fail value model. The choice of accounting method affects company? s solvency.When the company has made a choice to use the fair value method the total sum of balance sheet will change on the market prices. However company? s liabilities do not change. If the estate? s value decreases the company? s gear ing ratio will also decrease. This is the situation when solvency has been measured by gearing ratio. I think this is a better way because balance sheet is more indicative now. If the cost model is used solvency does not change when the market prices are changing. The choice of value method affects also on company? s ROE.If the level of rent is rising it means that profit is also going up. When company uses the fair value method ROE will be almost same as before. Profits go up and shareholder? s equity also rises. In the situation where the cost value method is used value of estates do not change when the level of rents rise. So the fair value method is more indicative in case of real return on equity. Silic Inc. has used the cost model as they have valuated their investment properties. Their ROA was 3. 41 % in 2004. If they had chosen the fair value method ROA would have been 2. 94%.Question 2 In the Exhibit 10 according to Investment Property Industry fair value seems to give bett er information about real estate companies because of the nature of the industry. One negative side of the fair value model, however, was the difficulty to make comparisons with historical accounting data. There are few paragraphs in IASB conceptual framework which deal with the performance and changes in financial position. It is important that the users of financial statements can make their economic decisions and predict future profits based on reliable information.One of the qualitative characteristics of financial statements is comparability (paragraphs 39-42) which means that the financial statements of an entity should be comparable through time. According to these views the negative side of the fair value model mentioned earlier would not be in line with the IASB conceptual framework. On the other hand the comparison between other entities might be easier when there are no mistakes or misevaluation in the financial statements. Among International Accounting Firms and Associa tions fair value model seems to be the only reliable way of using in measuring financial statements.Fair value model brings transparency in financial statement that leads to reduction of the manipulation of results by managers. According to National Financial Authorities there is, however, no rush needed to reform accounting too fast partially because of the lack of education as International Accounting Firms and Associations states. It is logical that Accounting Firms and Associations think that fair value model is the most reliable way to use in valuating. For example for auditors fair value model would make the auditing easier because there would be less malpractice or it would be easier to recognize those.IASB conceptual framework highlights the importance of reliable and faithful representation in recognizing and measuring items. Paragraph 34 says that sometimes there are difficulties to apply right measurement technique that correspond with the event. That is why the use of fa ir value model would ease identifying the right way of valuing an event in some situations and increase transparency and understandability in financial statements. Financial Institution Investors argue that fair values have problems with the volatility of earnings and may be too subjective.Financial Analysts go along with Financial Institution Investors and state that fair value model allows greater manipulation of results and introduces volatility. According to IASB conceptual framework, paragraphs 36 and 3942, financial statements should be neutral and comparable which means that subjective valuating is not allowed to occur. Still especially with the values of the assets which are not quoted on the Stock Market may include more subjective valuating in the prices even though used professionally qualified valuers.That may lead to manipulation and not to transparency as discussed earlier. Fair value model may also enable some volatility of earnings between previous financial statemen ts which may lead to difficulties to compare financial statements with historical data. One of the qualitative characteristics of financial statements in the IASB conceptual framework is prudence. Measuring events have to happen with caution especially under uncertainty which means that using the fair value model should be done with prudence and also according to substance over form principle (paragraph 35).That reduces the risk of too subjective valuating. Also the paragraphs 37 and 46 highlight that the valuating must be neutral to ensure the reliability and true and fair view of financial statements which decreases the possibility of making too considered valuating. Problems with fair value described by authorities are real but can be solved by following IASB conceptual framework and other standardizes and especially by following the substance over form principle. Question 3 There is some kind of disadvantages of the cost model. The cost model is not relevant information.It looks at the acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize the current market value. For example some item that was purchased 15 years ago could be worth much more than the balance sheet shows. A property purchased many years ago and which is registered in the balance sheet at the original cost does not reflect the current market price. Another disadvantage of the cost model is its obvious flaws in times of inflation. This one accounting model also based on the assumption that the currency in which transac- tions are recorded remains stable, so that its purchasing power remains the same over a period of time.Another main point with regards to inflation is rise in prices for an asset. An asset purchased at a point in time may be expensive in the future. Moreover effects of inflation may not be the same for all companies in the market and the cost model accounts become almost unhelpful when comparing corporate performances. Advantage of the cost model is that this model focuses on th e services the asset will provide rather than the precise physical asset. The cost model also helps managers to forecast futures operational costs based on the past data.It is said that the basic function of the cost model accounting is to tell to user the cost of the thing. At first one disadvantage of the fair value model is frequent changes. And that because an item? s value can change frequently in volatile markets. This is seen to lead to major swings in a company? s earnings and value. The fair value model is also kept less reliable because bookkeepers may find fair value accounting less reliable than the cost model accounting. For example when items have different values in different areas. It is also said that inability to value assets is a disadvantage.Businesses with specialized assets or investment packages may find it difficult to value these items on the open market. The fair value model is claimed to reduce book value. Typically company? s book value changes when a com pany buys new assets or disposed old assets. The fair value model? s advantage is that it reduces net income both it is realistic financial statement and this model is very good for investors. And when a company is using fair value model so then values of assets decreases and same time calculates net income decreases. This in one of the advantages to companies because a lower net income results in lower taxes.When company uses the fair value method so then financial statements are more accurate than in those companies not using this method. Because assets are reported for their actual value so then it results in more realistic financial statements. In fact, the fair value model also offers advantages for investors as well. We recommend Silic to choose the fair value model. There is different kind of features which are reasons why we chose the fair value model. At first transparency, international investment and timeliness are better when a company uses the fair value model.Although when we are talking about historical cost comparisons and volatility of earnings so these things are better in the cost model method. Finally maximizing reported performance, financial accounting standards board and information quality were reasons why we chose the fair value model. Silic owns properties near airports and therefore properties consist of offices and light industrial spaces. So in such a case the premises are not suitable for just to one company use. That is the reason why the fair value model is the best way to appreciate the properties.Location and purpose are such that the properties are liquidated at the market if necessary, so the appreciation of the quality of reporting is the best alternative. If we assume that International Accounting Standards Board would start to use only one model in the future so we had to make our choice. After comparing benefits which are told before in this text between the cost model and the fair value model we decided to choose the fa ir value model. Because we saw that this model would be better to Silic. In addition all advantages of the fair value model look better in the future scenario.Question 4 IFRS 13 p. 3 states that â€Å"when a price for an identical asset or liability is not observable, an entity measures fair value using another valuation technique that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Because fair value is a market-based measurement, it is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk†¦ † Investment properties are not traded at an active market so a valuation technique has to be used.Alternatives are to use either an income approach or a market approach. In Silic’s case I would use the income approach to measure the fair value of the investments properties. IFRS 13 p. B10 states that the income approach converts future amounts to a single current amount, for example cash flows converted to discounted amount. The income approach is intended to directly reflect or model the expectations and behaviors of typical market participants. Consequently, this approach is generally considered the most applicable valuation technique for income-producing properties, where sufficient market data exists. Wikipedia 2013. ) Income approach includes different valuation techniques. These techniques are; for example, present value techniques, option pricing models and the multi-period excess earnings method. Fair values can be calculated in different ways. The nature and location of investment properties have an effect on the fair values. However, I don’t think the choice of method should depend on the nature and location of investment properties. I see that regardless of which method is used the nature and location will affect on the fair values so that the fair values will be accurate.Question 5 IFRS 1 p. 6 states that an entity shall prepare and present an opening IFRS statement of financial position at the date of transition to IFRSs. This is the starting point for its accounting in accordance with IFRSs. Silic’s first IRFS reporting period is 1. 1. 2005-31. 12. 2005. Silic presented one-year comparative information for the year 2004. Therefore, its date of transition to IFRSs is the beginning of business on 1 January 2004. So Silic should prepare its opening IFRS statement of financial position at 1 January 2004.Question 6 According to IFRS 1 paragraph 10d, assets and liabilities should be valued by using IFRSs which means that assets and liabilities should be recognized and valued as IFRS would have always been in use in the company. The paragraph 100 in the Framework includes different kind of ways to measure assets and liabilities. One of the possibilities is historical costs which is the most commonly used measurement basis according to the framework. Assets must be valued at fair valu e or at the amount of cash paid and liabilities at the amount of proceeds received in exchange for the obligation.According to IFRS 1 Appendix D paragraphs D5-D7 an entity may elect to measure an item of property, plant and equipment at its fair value or use a previous GAAP revaluation if the revaluation is comparable to fair value or cost or depreciated cost in accordance of IFRSs. These options are also available for intangible assets including goodwill, research and development and for investment property if an entity elects to use the cost model in IAS 40. In addition according to IFRS 1 Appendix C paragraphs C1-C5 an entity can choose between two options how to measure goodwill.An entity can apply IFRS 3 and either apply IAS 21 to measure goodwill or not apply IAS 21 and treat goodwill as assets and liabilities of the entity (C2). If an entity choose not to use IFRS 3, according to paragraph C4g, goodwill can be its carrying amount in accordance with previous GAAP. In addition there are few adjustments to follow if required. Because of the differences between the accounting policies of GAAP and IFRS an entity have to recognize adjustments that arise from events and transactions before the date of transition to IFRSs. An entity shall recognize those adjustments directly in retained earnings. (IFRS 1, paragraph 11. )